Microcystin-LR

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Description

Microcystin-LR is a cyclic heptapeptide primarily produced by the cyanobacterial species Microcystis. It is a potent hepatotoxin and one of the most toxic variants of microcystins. Microcystin-LR has cytotoxic, pro-oxidant, and carcinogenic properties. Its primary targets are protein phosphatase type 1 and type 2A (PP1 and PP2A), essential enzymes located in the cytoplasm of liver cells. These enzymes are integral to various cellular processes, including cell growth and division. By inhibiting the activity of PP1 and PP2A, microcystin-LR disrupts numerous biochemical pathways. It leads to the hyper-phosphorylation of proteins, which disrupts normal cellular function and leads to cytotoxic effects. These effects include decreased cell viability, the induction of autophagy, apoptosis, necrosis, alterations in the cell cycle, and changes in cell morphology.

Specification

Item	Microcystin-LR
Catalog	MC101043372
CAS	101043-37-2
Synonym	Cyanoginosin-LR, MC-LR
Molecular Formula	C₄₉H₇₄N₁₀O₁₂
Molecular Weight	995.17
Purity	>95%
Solubility	Soluble in ethanol, DMSO, methanol (10 mg/mL).
Appearance	Clear film
MDL Number	MFCD01774058
SMILES	C[C@@H](/C=C(/C=C/[C@@H](NC([C@H](CCCNC(N)=N)NC([C@@H](C)[C@H](C(O)=O)NC1=O)=O)=O)[C@H](C)C(N[C@@H](C(O)=O)CCC(N(C(C(N[C@H](C)C(N[C@H]1CC(C)C)=O)=O)=C)C)=O)=O)C)[C@@H](OC)CC2=CC=CC=C2
InChi Code	InChI=1S/C49H74N10O12/c1-26(2)23-37-46(66)58-40(48(69)70)30(6)42(62)55-35(17-14-22-52-49(50)51)45(65)54-34(19-18-27(3)24-28(4)38(71-10)25-33-15-12-11-13-16-33)29(5)41(61)56-36(47(67)68)20-21-39(60)59(9)32(8)44(64)53-31(7)43(63)57-37/h11-13,15-16,18-19,24,26,28-31,34-38,40H,8,14,17,20-23,25H2,1-7,9-10H3,(H,53,64)(H,54,65)(H,55,62)(H,56,61)(H,57,63)(H,58,66)(H,67,68)(H,69,70)(H4,50,51,52)/b19-18+,27-24+/t28-,29-,30-,31+,34-,35-,36+,37-,38-,40+/m0/s1
InChi Key	ZYZCGGRZINLQBL-GWRQVWKTSA-N
Storage Temperature	-20 °C

Research Fields

Chemistry. Microcystin-LR is utilized as a model for investigating peptide synthesis and cyclization techniques, enabling researchers to develop and refine methods for creating complex peptide structures.
Biology. In biological research, researchers focus on the effects of microcystin-LR on cellular processes, particularly its role as an inhibitor of protein phosphatases. This inhibition is critical for understanding the regulatory mechanisms of cell signaling and the potential impacts on cellular functions.
Medicine. Microcystin-LR is significant in medical research for exploring the mechanisms underlying liver toxicity and develop potential antidotes or therapeutic strategies to mitigate microcystin poisoning.

Choose Alfa Chemistry

Alfa Chemistry is dedicated to delivering exceptional quality and driving continuous innovation. We are committed to harnessing the vast potential of marine resources to offer a diverse array of high-quality products. Currently, we can provide you with top-tier microcystin-LR at competitive pricing. If you have any specific requirements or inquiries, please do not hesitate to reach out to us. We are here to assist you!

For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.