Description
Neosaxitoxin is a potent neurotoxin produced by certain species of marine dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. This compound is structurally similar to saxitoxin, with the main differentiation being the presence of a hydroxyl group bonded to the nitrogen at position 1 in neosaxitoxin. It is among the primary toxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), a severe illness that can occur from consuming contaminated shellfish. What sets neosaxitoxin apart is its specific ability to bind to sodium channels, along with its long duration as a local anesthetic. Compared to other similar compounds, neosaxitoxin exhibits lower affinity for cardiac sodium channels, which translates to a reduced risk of cardiotoxicity. This property shows its promise as a long-acting local anesthetic. In addition, neosaxitoxin is extensively researched within the fields of marine toxicology and environmental monitoring. These studies are crucial for ensuring the safety of seafood and enhancing our understanding of the dynamics of harmful algal blooms.
Specification
| Item | Neosaxitoxin |
|---|
| Catalog | MC64296204 |
| CAS | 64296-20-4 |
| Synonym | NeoSTX |
| Molecular Formula | C10H17N7O5 |
| Molecular Weight | 315.29 |
| Purity | >95% |
| Canonical SMILES | C1CN2C(=N)N(C(C3C2(C1(O)O)NC(=N3)N)COC(=O)N)O |
| Isomeric SMILES | C1CN2C(=N)N([C@H]([C@H]3[C@]2(C1(O)O)NC(=N3)N)COC(=O)N)O |
| InChi Code | InChI=1S/C10H17N7O5/c11-6-14-5-4(3-22-8(13)18)17(21)7(12)16-2-1-9(19,20)10(5,16)15-6/h4-5,12,19-21H,1-3H2,(H2,13,18)(H3,11,14,15)/t4-,5-,10-/m0/s1 |
| InChi Key | PPEKGEBBBBNZKS-HGRQIUPRSA-N |
| Storage Temperature | Store at 2-8 °C |
Mechanism of Action
Neosaxitoxin works by reversibly inhibiting voltage-gated sodium channels at the neuronal level. This inhibition blocks the propagation of nerve impulses, resulting in a block in neuronal conduction. It specifically targets the extracellular portion of the sodium channel, known as the outer vestibule, without interfering with other ion channels. This selective binding effectively prevents the transmission of electrical signals along the nerve fibers.
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For Research Use Only. Not for use in diagnostic or therapeutic procedures.
